The tradition of birthstones dates back to ancient times, with connections to the twelve stones in the breastplate of Aaron and the twelve months of the year. The modern list of birthstones was established by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912, with some additions and modifications over the years.
Symbolizing friendship and trust, garnet is most commonly known for its deep red color, though it can be found in a variety of hues. Ancient warriors believed garnets brought victory in battle.
This purple variety of quartz represents sobriety, peace, and protection. The ancient Greeks believed amethyst prevented intoxication, and the stone was often used in wine goblets.
With its serene blue or blue-green color, aquamarine symbolizes youth, health, and hope. Sailors once carried aquamarine as a talisman against drowning.
The most enduring gemstone, diamond represents eternal love and courage. Its name comes from the Greek "adamas," meaning unconquerable or invincible.
Symbolizing rebirth and love, emerald's rich green color has been associated with fertility and Spring. Cleopatra was known to have a passion for emeralds.
June has three birthstones. Pearl symbolizes purity, alexandrite represents balance, and moonstone is associated with new beginnings. All three are connected to the moon in various traditions.
This red gemstone represents passion, protection, and prosperity. Ancient cultures believed rubies contained drops of Mother Earth's blood.
August birthstones include peridot (symbolizing strength), spinel (representing rejuvenation), and sardonyx (standing for courage). Peridot is one of the few gemstones that only comes in one color: olive-green.
Sapphire symbolizes wisdom, faithfulness, and purity. While most commonly known as blue, sapphires can be found in almost every color except red.
Opal represents hope and innocence, while tourmaline symbolizes healing. Opals are unique for their play of colors, while tourmalines come in more colors than any other gemstone.
Topaz (representing love and affection) and citrine (symbolizing hope and strength) are November's birthstones. Both typically come in warm, golden hues.
December's three birthstones are tanzanite (representing transformation), turquoise (symbolizing good fortune), and zircon (standing for prosperity). All three come primarily in different shades of blue.