Gemstones have fascinated humanity since prehistoric times. Archaeological evidence suggests that as early as 38,000 BCE, our ancestors collected attractive pebbles and minerals. The earliest documented use of gemstones dates back to ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, where lapis lazuli, turquoise, and carnelian were prized not only for their beauty but also for their supposed mystical properties.
Ancient Egyptians used gemstones extensively in jewelry and ceremonial objects. The famous death mask of Tutankhamun featured lapis lazuli, turquoise, and carnelian. In ancient Rome, gemstone rings became status symbols, with different stones assigned to different months – the precursor to our modern birthstone tradition.
During the Middle Ages, gemstones were associated with astrology and medicine. Lapidaries (books about gemstones) described their medicinal properties and connections to celestial bodies. In the Renaissance period, improved cutting techniques transformed gem craftsmanship, allowing cutters to enhance a stone's natural beauty.
The discovery of diamond mines in Brazil in the 1700s and South Africa in the 1800s revolutionized the gemstone industry. The 20th century saw major advances in gemology as a science, with better methods to identify, grade, and valuate stones. Today, gemstones remain beloved for jewelry while also finding applications in industrial and technological fields.
Throughout history, gemstones have been more than decorative objects. They've served as symbols of power, wealth, and divine connection. Many cultures developed rich traditions around specific gems, assigning them protective qualities or spiritual meanings that persist to this day.